川贵渝复杂地形下横槽诱发双涡贵州暴雨过程的数值模拟     

程晓龙  李跃清  衡志炜 《气象学报》2021,79(4):626-645

青藏高原大地形作用下,西南复杂地形区暴雨天气预报是一个十分重要和困难的科学问题。应用西南区域数值预报业务模式,结合业务常规观测和非常规观测资料,分析了2014年7月15日至17日发生在四川、贵州和重庆复杂地形下的一次由横槽诱发双低涡的贵州暴雨过程,得到:西南区域模式对这次暴雨过程的数值模拟结果与再分析资料有较好的对应关系,尤其是重现了降雨的落区、强度以及盆地涡与贵州涡的发生、发展过程。在暴雨过程中,两低涡垂直发展深厚,上升运动均伸展至对流层顶。涡度收支方面,盆地涡的发展主要源于涡度方程的散度项,而贵州涡的发展除了受散度项的显著影响外,平流项也起着重要作用。由于川渝盆地—云贵高原交界处地形、云贵高原横断山脉延伸区局地地形的作用,区域大气气旋式旋转的加强发展诱发了盆地涡和贵州涡。热力结构上,盆地涡的发生、发展在冷、暖气流交汇辐合区域内,而贵州涡则生成在暖区中,其降雨及加强更多地受到动力过程的影响。川渝盆地—云贵高原特殊的北低南高地形使高纬度干冷气流与低纬度暖湿气流交汇,形成强的上升运动,引发了盆地涡发展及其暴雨天气。云贵高原贵州特殊的西高东低地形导致来自低层的暖湿气流只能沿横断山脉边缘绕流,进入贵州西部的偏南气流与来自盆地涡西侧的偏东北气流汇合作用形成贵州涡,引发贵州暴雨天气。因此,局地地形与环流的相互作用是贵州涡生成及其引发暴雨过程的重要原因。   相似文献   

中国长三角地区PM2.5时空分布数值模拟研究     

许敏 《气象与环境学报》2021,37(4):33-39

利用第三代空气质量预报模式LOTOS-EUROS(Long Term Ozone Simulation-European Operational Smog)对2018年中国长三角地区细颗粒物(PM_2.5)浓度的时空分布进行数值模拟,通过对比模拟结果与地面观测值,验证模式对PM_2.5长期特征模拟的合理性并探讨长三角地区PM_2.5的时空分布特征。结果表明：LOTOS-EUROS模式可以较好地再现中国长三角地区PM_2.5浓度的时空分布特征,监测站点观测值和模拟值的整体相关系数达到0.64,可以用于长三角地区细颗粒物的模拟。长三角地区PM_2.5浓度呈冬高夏低,西北高东南低的特征。冬季PM_2.5浓度高值出现在长三角地区的西北部,安徽省等地区的浓度水平最大值可达到160 μg·m^-3;春季和秋季PM_2.5浓度的高值集中在30°N以北、120°E以西地区,浓度为40-80 μg·m^-3;而夏季PM_2.5浓度水平大幅度降低,大部分地区维持在20-40 μg·m^-3,低值中心出现在长三角地区东南部沿海城市,低于10 μg·m^-3,最低值可达5 μg·m^-3。  相似文献   

板钉连接CFST柱-RC梁节点梁端塑性铰区受力性能数值模拟     

马华  阚吉平  赵玉坤  李振宝 《震灾防御技术》2022,17(2):381-391

建立竖板-栓钉连接钢管混凝土（CFST）柱-钢筋混凝土（RC）梁节点试件（SSJD）拟静力加载试验有限元模型,并在节点损伤情况、梁端荷载-位移曲线等数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好的基础上,进一步开展了RC梁混凝土强度、配筋率ρ_s和连接竖板长度L_b及界面连接情况等对CFST柱-RC梁节点梁端塑性铰区域力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,RC梁混凝土强度对试件SSJD塑性铰区域受力性能的影响较小;适筋范围内RC梁配筋率增加可适当提高试件SSJD承载力和延性;随着连接竖板长度的增加,梁端塑性铰区域外移,梁破坏荷载增大;本研究给出的RC梁与CFST柱之间的界面抗剪承载力模拟值与计算值吻合较好,可用于界面抗剪设计。  相似文献   

Maximized erosion at the last glacial maximum revealed by thermoluminescence thermochronometry     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

Increased erosion rates during the last 2 Myr of Earth history are commonly associated with widespread glaciation and global cooling. However, whether erosion rates actually increased during that period of time remains debated. This is in part because the respective role of fluvial and glacial erosion is difficult to assess, and because many existing techniques used to estimate erosion rates may be affected by averaging biases that may produce increased erosion rates towards the present. Here, we apply thermoluminescence thermochronometry to granitic bedrock samples of the southern-central Chilean Andes, a region which experienced a full transition from glacial-humid to fluvial-dry conditions during the Quaternary. Inverse modelling of the thermochronological data enables us to extract unbiased time series of erosion rates during the last ∼100 kyr. We find that erosion rates were systematically higher during around the last glacial maximum than at present, with differences exceeding an order of magnitude. Our findings indicate that glacial erosion is probably more efficient than fluvial erosion and imply that erosion has remained transient during the Quaternary.  相似文献   

Numerical simulation of deep-hole resistivity anomaly caused by drilling construction in Xinfengjiang geoelectric station     

Xing Yan  Zhihui Deng  Jiping Liu  Shishan Ye  Zhiqun Chen  Tianren Zhong 《地震研究进展（英文）》2022,2(3):100139

The Xinfengjiang reservoir in Guangdong Province, is one of the large reservoirs that have triggered earthquakes of magnitude greater than 6. Numerous earthquakes have occurred since the impoundment of the reservoir, making it one of the most active seismic zones in south China. In 2015, a set of deep-hole resistivity anomalies was observed in the Heping geoelectric station in Dongyuan county, located near the Xinfengjiang reservoir. After a field investigation, we found that a planned well drilling construction of new measuring channels was being carried out during that corresponding period of time. After careful comparison and analysis on the basis of the collected raw data, we had a reason to believe that drilling construction, rather than the inducement of the Xinfengjiang reservoir, was the main culprit for those unusual georesistivity values. So as to verify the above conjecture, we constructed a series of 3D finite element models based on the geological and hydrological information around Heping station and analyzed the drilling disturbances, respectively. Some significant conclusions were finally drawn according to the precise numerical simulation. This study gives a good example by combining numerical simulation with engineering practice as a way to understand the root cause of georesistivity anomalies in reality.  相似文献   

Tracing exhumation record in high-pressure micaschists: A new tectonometamorphic model of the evolution of the eastern part of the Fore Sudetic Block,Kamieniec Metamorphic Belt,NE Bohemian Massif,SW Poland     

Jacek Szczepański  Marcin Goleń 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2022,82(1):125859

The Kamieniec Metamorphic Belt comprises a volcano-sedimentary succession exposed within a collision zone between the Saxothuringian and Brunovistulian crustal domains of the European Variscides. The studied rocks recorded two metamorphic episodes. The first episode, M₁, occurred at conditions of c. 485 ± 25 °C and 18 ± 1.8 kbar related to burial within a subduction zone. The subsequent episode, M₂, was linked to the final phases of exhumation to mid-crustal level, associated with pressure and temperature (P–T) conditions ranging from c. 520 ± 26 °C and 6 ± 0.6 kbar through 555 ± 28 °C and 7 kbar ± 0.7 to ~590 ± 30 °C and 3–4 ± 0.4 kbar. The documented deformation record is ascribed to three events, D₁ to D₃, interpreted as related to the burial and subsequent exhumation of the Kamieniec Metamorphic Belt. The D₁ event must have witnessed the subduction of the Kamieniec Metamorphic Belt rock succession whereas the D₂ event was associated with the exhumation and folding of the Kamieniec Metamorphic Belt in an E-W-directed shortening regime. A subsequent folding related to the D₂ event was initiated at HP conditions, however, the planar fabric produced during a late stage of the D₂ event, defined by a low-pressure mineral assemblage M₂, indicates that the D₂ final stage was synchronous with the onset of the M₂ episode. Consequently, the entire D₂ event seems to have been associated with the exhumation of the Kamieniec Metamorphic Belt to mid crustal level. The third deformation event D₃, synchronous with the M₂ episode, marked the last stage of the exhumation, and was linked to emplacement of granitoid veins and lenses. The latter resulted in heating and rheological weakening of the entire rock succession and in the formation of non-coaxial shear zones.  相似文献   

Seismic performance of two-story subway station structures with different isolating systems     

《地震研究进展（英文）》2022,2(4):100155

When the sliding bearing is fixed only at the top of the middle column of the underground structure, the cracks at the side end of the middle plate should be aggravated while the seismic damage of the mid-column should be alleviated. To enhance the seismic performance of the mid-plate, a new isolation design method has been mentioned while the elastic sliding bearings are set at the top of the mid-columns and between the side end of the mid-plate and the side wall at the same time. By establishing a nonlinear finite element analysis model for the static-dynamic coupling interaction system, the seismic response characteristics of the cast-in-place station structure without a sliding bearing have been analyzed and compared with those of the station structure with the sliding bearing fixed only at the top of the middle columns, and those of the station structure with sliding bearing be fixed between the mid-plate and the sidewall at the same time. The results show that the new isolation station structures suffer fewer earthquake damages at the mid-plate and mid-columns at the same time, which can improve the overall seismic performance of the subway station structure.  相似文献   

Numerical determination of pressure-dependent effective thermal conductivity in Berea sandstone     

Mirko Siegert  Marcel Gurris  Claudia Finger  Erik H. Saenger 《Geophysical Prospecting》2022,70(1):152-172

In this paper, the methods of digital rock physics are applied to determine pressure-dependent effective thermal conductivity in rock samples. Simulations are performed with an in-house three-dimensional finite volume code. In the first step, four numerical models are derived from a given tomographic scan of Berea sandstone. Consequently, simulations of the thermal conductivity at ambient conditions are performed and validated with experimental data. In a second step, a new workflow for the determination of the pressure-dependent thermal conductivity in rock samples is elaborated, tested and calibrated. Results originating from the derived workflow show very good agreement with experimental data.  相似文献   

煤矿老窑采空区地—井TEM响应特征     

张建智  胡富杭  刘海啸  邢国章 《物探与化探》2022,(1)

瞬变电磁法在我国广泛应用于煤田水文地质勘探和采空区调查,但由于方法本身的特点,地面装置纵向分辨率低,无法实现采空区精细探测。在山西某煤矿采空区探查项目中,通过岩心、测井曲线,结合以往电法勘探经验,建立了简单的煤系地层采空区模型,数值模拟了均匀半空间采空区含水、不含水时的地面瞬变电磁响应和三维水平薄板的地—井瞬变电磁响应,并结合实际案例探讨了采空区的地面、地—井瞬变电磁特征,证实了地—井瞬变电磁法具有较高的纵向分辨率,为采空区精细探查提供了思路。  相似文献   

Experimental and numerical investigation of groundwater head losses on and nearby short intersections between disc-shaped fractures          下载免费PDF全文

Ci-xiao Qu  Ming-yu Wang  Peng Wang 《地下水科学与工程》2022,10(1):33-43

Discrete fracture models are used for investigating precise processes of groundwater flow in fractured rocks,while a disc-shaped parallel-plates model for a single fracture is more reasonable and efficient for computational treatments.The flow velocity has a large spatial differentiation which is more likely to produce non-linear flow and additional head losses on and nearby intersections in such shaped fractures,therefore it is necessary to understand and quantify them.In this study,both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations were performed to investigate the total head loss on and nearby the intersections as well as the local head loss exactly on the intersections,which were not usually paid sufficient attention or even ignored.The investigation results show that these two losses account for 29.17%-84.97%and 0-73.57%of the entire total head loss in a fracture,respectively.As a result,they should be necessarily considered for groundwater modeling in fractured rocks.Furthermore,both head losses become larger when aperture and flow rate increase and intersection length decreases.Particularly,the ratios of these two head losses to the entire total head loss in a fracture could be well statistically explained by power regression equations with variables of aperture,intersection length,and flow rates,both of which achieved high coefficients of determination.It could be feasible through this type of study to provide a way on how to adjust the groundwater head from those obtained by numerical simulations based on the traditional linear flow model.Finally,it is practicable and effective to implement the investigation approach combining laboratory experiments with numerical simulations for quantifying the head losses on and nearby the intersections between disc-shaped fractures.  相似文献